First ideas for a church came up in 1913. But World War I let all plans fail. A new architectural competition in 1924 won two architects, but this competition ended with many disputes. So the decision was made to take Otto Bartning's plans, which he drew up in 1929. Throughout his life he searched for the most suitable form for a Protestant church building. This included the unity of the congregation, that the altar and the pulpit are on one level and the churches do not have a chancel that is separated from the rest of the church building.
The foundation stone was laid on November 6, 1932, and the church was consecrated on September 16, 1934. The church was partially destroyed by the bombing of Berlin. So Otto Bartning rebuilt the church in 1950-1951 and then again in 1962-1963. Although they have been simplified, such as the benches, they have been reconstructed close to the original, as is the case with the windows.
The church, like the parish, is named after the Swedish King Gustav Adolf II. He was an important fighter for the Protestants against the Catholic Habsburgs in the Thirty Years' War. He died in a battle in 1632.